คำนาม

บุคลิกภาพ

1. ลักษณะนิสัยและภาพลักษณ์จำเพาะของคน

Personality is a term that can refer to the unique and distinctive patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual. Personality can also refer to the study or assessment of these patterns using various methods and theories.

Personality can be influenced by various factors, such as genes, environment, culture, and experience. Personality can also vary depending on the situation and the context. Personality can have various aspects and dimensions, such as traits, types, states, or styles.

Some of the common ways to describe or measure personality are:

• Trait theory: This is a theory that assumes that personality is composed of stable and consistent characteristics that can be measured by standardized tests. Some of the popular trait models are the Big Five (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), the 16PF (16 primary factors), and the Eysenck’s (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism).
• Type theory: This is a theory that categorizes people into distinct and mutually exclusive groups based on their personality patterns. Some of the popular type models are the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (16 types based on four dichotomies: extraversion-introversion, sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving), the Enneagram (nine types based on core motivations and fears), and the DISC (four types based on behavioral preferences: dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness).
• State theory: This is a theory that emphasizes the temporary and situational aspects of personality that can change over time or across contexts. Some of the state models are the mood (a general feeling or emotion that can last for hours or days), the affect (a specific feeling or emotion that can last for minutes or seconds), and the arousal (a physiological activation or alertness that can vary in intensity and direction).
• Style theory: This is a theory that focuses on the individual differences in the ways of thinking, learning, or coping with situations. Some of the style models are the cognitive style (the preferred mode of processing information, such as analytic-holistic, verbal-visual, or convergent-divergent), the learning style (the preferred mode of acquiring knowledge or skills, such as auditory-visual-kinesthetic, sequential-global, or active-reflective), and the coping style (the preferred mode of dealing with stress or challenges, such as problem-focused-emotion-focused, approach-avoidance, or optimistic-pessimistic).